Microplastic in Fashion: Causes, Consequences, and Sustainable Alternatives
- thecriticalpulse
- 17. nov.
- 2 min læsning
Chiara Marisa Brunner
According to a statistical survey conducted in 2023, as part of the research for the Material Market Report, approximately 67 percent of the global fiber production originates from synthetic sources. The largest share is made up by petroleum-based polymers such as polyester (57.2 percent), polyamides (5.3 percent), and other plastic compounds, including acrylics and elastanes (4.9 percent). A major issue associated with the disposal and maintenance of synthetic textiles is the release of environmentally harmful microplastics. Microplastics are tiny particles measuring less than five millimeters in size.
These microfibers can enter the environment through both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources can include the production and everyday use of plastic-containing products. Researches indicated that the first wash of a newly manufactured synthetic garment is particularly associated with a high release of microplastic particles. This is mainly due to production residues that often remain in the textiles as a result of the abrasive motion of sewing machines. During the washing process, these residues are then released from the fabrics and subsequently enter the wastewater. Although modern water treatment plants can already remove up to 95% of these particles from aquatic systems, a significant residue still remains in the filtered water.
In addition to primary sources, microplastic can also enter the environment through secondary pathways. One of these sources is the fragmentation and degradation of larger plastic items, such as discarded garments. This is particularly relevant in countries lacking organized waste management systems, where textile waste is often deposited in uncontrolled landfills and subsequently exposed to diverse weather conditions. Fluctuating environmental factors then promote the release of the plastic components from the disposed textiles. The detached particles then enter the environment, polluting vital eco-systems. They are not only harmful to animals that mistakenly ingest them as food but also re-enter the human body through the food chain. Estimates suggest that up to 0.19 million metric tons of microplastics enter the marine environment each year through the production and use of synthetic textiles.
Reducing the release of microplastics requires a strategic shift towards more sustainable materials and production practices. Implementing ethically sourced natural fibers, such as organic cotton, linen, and hemp can significantly reduce the dependence on petroleum-based synthetics. Furthermore, adapting innovative solutions such as closed-loop textile systems, biodegradable fibers, and advanced filtration technologies can offer promising possibilities to minimize microplastic emissions throughout the entire product life cycle.
Bibliography:
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Bio:
Chiara Marisa Brunner has a BA from the HAM – Hochschule für angewandtes Management in Frankfurt am Main. After completing her studies in Fashion Management & Global Brands, she decided to further deepen her knowledge in brand structures and international management through the Master’s program at the AMD – Akademie Mode & Design in Munich.
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